ck3 console commands. Marauding Slavers from [hostile_sub_realm. ck3 console commands

 
 Marauding Slavers from [hostile_sub_realmck3 console commands  What exactly are you trying to do? Most events you can just type "event 64025 163109", where "64025" is the event ID, and "163109" is the char ID

CK3 console commands: All the cheats you need CK3 Intrigue: Become a master of the dark arts CK3 religion: Control your population through faith CK3 mods: From tweaks to total conversions. Can anyone help me out? You got them to work ? Every guide ice found says to add debug_mode in steam, but doesn't work for me. Dave Reckoning. then check to see which disease event flag is affecting you. Murder plots are not an issue if your heir is an adult. Mostly asking because I don't understand why Egyptian culture doesn't start with Land of the Bow (which gives Nile Archers) and the wiki says the train cannot be picked. If you took the title with give_title command they would become your vassal. To get a list of faiths, just type set_faith in the console and press TAB. Add ‘-debug_mode’ to the launch options. Crusader Kings. This mod is discontinued. Enter the name of a trait, or a trait's ID, into the search box below to instantly filter our database of 258 trait codes. Crusader Kings is a historical grand strategy / RPG game series for PC, Mac, Linux, PlayStation 5 & Xbox Series X|S developed & published by Paradox Development Studio. So for Genius the code would be "intellect_good_3". You can also put it in a text file in the "run" folder in your CK3 documents folder (the one with your save games in another subfolder) (you might need to make a folder there named "run"). Start off by typing in 'charinfo 1' this will give you the characters ID when you hover over their portrait. Go to ck3 r/ck3. Learn how to enable and use Crusader Kings 3's debug mode to access cheats for titles, gold, perks, traits, schemes, secrets, and more. "add_doctrine tenet_warmonger" Same goes for removing "remove_doctrine tenet_XXXX" Just make sure you dont go over the 3 tennet cap or it messes up with Faith GUI, you can by-pass it with mods that add. Scripting Cheats for Debug Console to use "run" command. This page was last edited on 14 September 2020, at 18:40. You can spawn historical artifacts but otherwise they're all mostly randomly generated. Might potentially have issues, so I'd just recommend loading the save every time to keep things stable with the file. It can be anything you want, but it should be unique. Finite_Probability. This page lists the codes that may be input into the Console Window, a special debugging window that may be accessed in non-ironman games while in debug mode by pressing Shift+2, ALT+2+1, Shift+3, §, ~, ^, °, ², or ` (key. Console command to change county culture? supraman2turbo. The one aspect of CK3 that is killing all my playthroughs and going on my nerves is how terrible is the religious balance in the game, which is a total mess. I googled but only found set focus which doesn't change. I really wish your character could actually fight in battles if they had the chivalric route or a certain amount of prowes. Click “Set Launch Options” under. The ID of the phase you want to add the catalyst points to. zip extension. Jul 2, 2016. There's a debug option that's something like "Have someone slay them!" which attributes their death to someone directly killing them. Cheats Thread That's weird that that didn't work. Console question. Reply. Restart the game. Sep 24, 2014 325 192. Engage in courtly intrigue, dynastic struggles, and holy warfare in mediæval Europe, Africa, the Middle East, India, the steppes and Tibet. But, not being able to turn on Debug Mode or use console commands in the Game Pass version of the game incredibly ruins the experience for those of us who use the console in nearly every play-through. Crusader Kings is a historical grand strategy / RPG game series for PC, Mac, Linux, PlayStation 5 & Xbox Series X|S developed & published by Paradox Development Studio. Jump to latest Follow Reply. Crusader Kings. Click on it and under Script Runner click on Effect and in the empty box type "set_county_culture = culture: [culture you want]". I haven't had luck with that either. Engage in courtly intrigue, dynastic struggles, and holy warfare in mediæval Europe, Africa, the Middle East, India, the steppes and Tibet. Either ask the enemy to surrender (works sometimes), or you could grant your brother Independence, offer him an alliance, and then join the war. Crusader Kings 3 Trait ID List. Hastiluder requires 30xp for the 1st tier, 65xp for the 2nd tier, and 100xp to max out. For example if you run this from the debug console: effect = { change_government = clan_government } It will change you to a clan government. The closest thing that you can do is using Quick Imprison (debug interaction) on enemy leader to help. 296 upvotes · 118. or just use "add_trait immortal" If you don't specify a character ID it gets applied to you by default. Included in this list are all cheats from the 2023 edition of the game, along with examples and documentation. Engage in courtly intrigue, dynastic struggles, and holy warfare in mediæval Europe, Africa, the Middle East, India, the steppes and Tibet. AlexanderArkane • 10 mo. Imprison console command. add_doctrine doctrine_gender_female_dominated. As far as I know, there is no “marry” console command. Engage in courtly intrigue, dynastic struggles, and holy warfare in mediæval Europe, Africa, the Middle East, India, the steppes and Tibet. I would suggest switching to the council member and trying the command for them. clear_character_modifiers. In your Paradox Interactive folder (usually C:DocumentsParadox Interactive) go to Crusader Kings III folder and create a new. There are ways to use debug mode to get the spouse you want, though. In order to enter these console commands, players need to open Crusader Kings 3 in debug mode and then access the console window. Crusader Kings is a historical grand strategy / RPG game series for PC, Mac, Linux, PlayStation 5 & Xbox Series X|S developed & published by Paradox Development Studio. Go to ck3 r/ck3. The syntax for the set_stress command is as follows: set_stress [amount] [character id] This command has the following arguments: Amount. Just wondering how to do that on the console version. • Open file to launch CK3 in debug mode. 2 2020-10-19: Updated Rules mod for CK3 v1. Crusader Kings. How To Open The Console & Enter A Command. View on Gender. Otherwise, I'm waiting 600 months to switch my capital (that or death). Switch place on the charid and the number. Add the ending ". Optionally, you can click "randomize DNA" to get a character that looks more human. then simply use the create_alliance effect/command with that saved scope as the target. This command changes the character with ID 8574 culture to Irish. Alternatively, you can pick all the traits you want in the ruler designer and then pick some of the worst negative traits until your age goes down to 16. 17 Badges. Show command help. You won't get any contribution after winning a war, but it helps reach 100% war score. Xacrous • Sultan of Najd, Bahrain, and Hijaz • 3 yr. Although it does seem to me that pollinate>give_birth often results in girl children only which is kinda weird. <flag> is whatever disease flag is affecting you. There isn't a console command, but there is an effect command to do so, so you would need to wrap it in an effect block. This page was last edited on 10 September 2020, at 19:45. 0 unless otherwise noted. Beyond that, 'bypass_requirements' allows you to create hybrid cultures without time/acceptance penalties. Now you can open the console by pressing the `/~ key (the tilde key next to the number 1). Tried it. r/CrusaderKings. The number to the left is the ID. Engage in courtly intrigue, dynastic struggles, and holy warfare in mediæval Europe, Africa, the Middle East, India, the steppes and Tibet. Crusader Kings is a historical grand strategy / RPG game series for PC, Mac, Linux, PlayStation 5 & Xbox Series X|S developed & published by Paradox Development Studio. castle = { cheat_building = { trigger = { TECH_CASTLE_CONSTRUCTION = 0 } build_cost = 1 build_time = 1 ai_creation_factor = 0 retinuesize = 999999 extra_tech_building_start = 8. Below is a complete, up-to-date list of all 99 CK3 console commands, these are commonly referred to as cheats. Something like death. The surefire way to not fuck other things up would be to edit your save, which is slow and arduous, but sure to produce the right results. What I’m trying to do is convert every Catholic county, everywhere, to. Pregnancy in general is very hardcoded and there's not much you can do to control it outside of the 'impregnate' commands even through modding, let alone the console. Then do 'kill ID' where you replace ID with the actual ID this will guarantee a natural death , 100%. The nickname has to be added in a file and localized, it won’t dynamically create one from the command. Note that there are two different things that the game calls "modifier". TheShezzarine • Hippitus hoppitus Reus domine. in which you need to put county id after the "title:" and culture id after the "culture:". Cinnamon Jun 24 @ 9:25am. If you're willing to use console commands the wiki says yesmen will make the ai always accept. afaik there is no console command to add artifacts, but you should be able to do it via the console by either writing a complicated effect directly into the console, or write it into a script file and execute that in the console. It can be anything you want, but it should be unique. If successful the only console output you’ll see is “ example. swap "duchy" with "kingdom" and make the title at the end an empire title id and it works. To enable console commands in CK3, right click on the game in Steam and go to properties. Also, these effect commands are pretty flexible. that is how you do it. One way to add Building Slots through the console is to use this command: effect = {province:547= {add_building_slot=1}} 547 is the province id in my example, which is Kiev/Kyiv. Open your savegame (Not Ironman and not compressed, if it is compressed just open it with. Steam > Steamapps > common > Crusader Kings III > game > common > traits. ck3" to gamestate 7. Crusader Kings. Most centered instructions. I think it’s “-debug_mode”. You can tell because it refers to "scoped character" which isn't useful for the console. Then you can use the console command "run [name of file]. They can be gained or lost through events and some traits can be inherited by descendants. 3. add_trait (whatever vices/virtues you have) <charID>. Character ID. In order to access to CK3 console, you first need to enable debug mode. txt in the correct folder and use the following command from the console: run example. For modding, it's better to use both a mod and launch options. ’ Now, right-click your shortcut, and add the text below to the. Content is available under Attribution-ShareAlike 3. With charinfo on you can see who’s expecting twins. CTRL+F and search for “c_ [countyname]=“ For example c_essex=. Enables the Male Only and Male Preference succession laws. By following the steps above you should get crown authority 4. Go to Debug Menu and click on the orange Explore Objects button. Open the extracted file in notepad. 7; 3; 2; 1;Once there, use the "Provider" dropdown to select "Landed Titles". ck3 where the character you wish to edit is. Find below a searchable list of all event IDs from CK3 for use with the event console command. It will open event window where you can choose number of children: 1, 2, 3 or surprise (10). Jump to latest Follow Reply. become familiar with this page (CK3 Console Commands), specifically: How to enable dev mode Commands (cheats section) Scripting Also, many commands aren't listed, so use tab. Go back into the game. Afterwards, click on the field right under "gene" to display a dropdown menu, select (or type in) the category you desire to preview. There are different types though like fascination or cultural tenets or something. Look for the ID of the barony you want to change (you have to start the game in debug mode and then hover over the barony on the map and the ID is in purple) 8. zip extension. Nope, just kidding. −10 Opinion of female rulers. Extract the save file. <Command Name> (OPTIONAL) Print out all console commands or a specific command description: Debug: helplog: Print out all console commands to game. They allow to toggle the debug mode on and off, making it convenient to use the console and play, but this doesn't enable instant reloading of files. This page explains how to use the pregnancy command in Crusader. If anyone can think of a workaround whether it be through editing the save itself or modding I'd really appreciate the help. If anyone is still curious, they way to do it is: "add_doctrine tenet_XXXX" where XXXX stands for the actual in-game name of the tenet i. EDIT: Figured it out. Any way to spawn special troops with console commands. Type "3". Launch the game. For “Character” scope, if none is given then it’ll default to the player (a few instructions excepted, together with age). This only works if Ironman mode is deactivated. Paradox code reads almost just like the text boxes for conditions. I personally never figured out the script commands, and it seems most places I asked didn't have the answer either. Thanks for the tips. I personally never figured out the script commands, and it seems most places I asked didn't have the answer either. ). Find the event you want. Gaining the renown back to buy my desired legacy is no issue, I believe you can use "add_dynasty_prestige 1000" or whatever amount. Feb 6, 2009 1. ck3 extension. Blog. Crusader Kings 3 Console Command List This is the list of console commands that can be entered into the Console Window (. Here you'll find the console commands to spawn all available Valyrian Steel Swords. mgustin1 • 8 mo. then simply use the create_alliance effect/command with that saved scope as the target. Launcher In the game Launcher: 1. GreenThreeEye • 7 mo. god – And This command will give you God mode, which will make you invulnerable to all damage. Instead you must write a script, save it, and then execute it via the run command in console. ago • Edited 3 yr. Right-click the new shortcut and select properties. Use ctrl+c and ctrl+v to copy and paste this command. I'm pretty sure either CK3 or another PDX game had a console cheat that let you fire a decision even if you didn't meet the requirements, but if it's in CK3 I can't find it. Close it and launch CK3. I know the PC version had a console where you could enter a command you got instant coins in your treasury. Karl Jun 23 @ 1:24pm. effect title: (title to integrate) = { set_de_jure_liege_title = title: (to which title to integrate)Help with removing dynasty legacy in CK3 console command. - Console 'allow_laws' so that I can propose as many as I want. Cheats works in Ironman. How do I use the console to finish a councilor's task? According to the command's guide over at the CK3 wiki, it's finish_council_task, but that doesn't work. For example: Change_development_level 100 1533 hertford. Sep 23, 2012. Search our. ALT + 2 + 1. • Use the same keys to close it, once it is already open. To open the console while in the game, press the ` key, the ~ (tilde) key, or Shift-Alt-C. Here’s the full list of Crusader Kings 3 cheat codes and console commands, including new ones released as part of patch 1. I will not update it anymore. Marauding Slavers from [hostile_sub_realm. This command changes the culture of the county with ID 872 to Italian. Learn how to enable and disable debug mode, a set of game tools that allows you to input console commands in Crusader Kings III. You might possibly get more from setting your spouse to help your stewardship and do set_stewardship 100 (character id) With debugmode on you can mouse over a character and the id number is in the tooltip. Console Commands are codes that you can input into the Console Window. This is just a beginning reference. This command changes the culture of the county with ID 1643 to Scottish. Make sure to input the commands below exactly as you read them to avoid errors or mistakes because some of them are different from the rest, such as Orphan-Maker's! Blackfyre: effect agot_create_artifact_vs_blackfyre_effect = {. The trick is to first save the character you want to ally with as a saved scope variable. Below is a searchable list of all CK3 innovation IDs, for use with the discover_innovation console command. Someone told me that I can find all traditions ID in the CK3 files of my laptop. As you open console command and press tab that is only list of commands that what we get. Summercat Technically, An Otter. Change_development_level, # (of development level) l, county # and name. To open the Console Commands for Windows: • Search for notepad or any other text editor. Right click the file and unpack it. • Press '`' key or 'Shift' + 'Alt' + 'C' to open Console Commands. The only disadvantages of tyranny are murder plots and factionalism. And if there was a command to do it, it would mess up the game. "add_doctrine tenet_warmonger" Same goes for removing "remove_doctrine tenet_XXXX" Just make sure you dont go over the 3 tennet cap or it messes up with Faith GUI, you can by-pass it with mods that add. Engage in courtly intrigue, dynastic struggles, and holy warfare in mediæval Europe, Africa, the Middle East, India, the steppes and Tibet. Alternative. Enter the name of an event, or an event's ID, into the search box below to instantly filter our database of 2561 event codes. 244 upvotes ·. • Unless you can't find IDs for innovations, eras, laws, and so on, input the code and then press "TAB. 216 sfw. Sort by: Open comment sort options. You can change where kingdoms, duchies, and even counties belong. You have two options basically: figure out the script commands (which are more involved than the cheat/debug console) or edit the save game/mod the game. Crusader Kings III is a great power videogame/kingdom simulation rooted in the 1400s, similar to its precursors Crusader Kingdoms and. Not working for Crusades. Find out how to open debug mode with different versions of the game, and what commands you can input to affect your characters, armies, and titles. c_ being for counties, k_ for kingdoms and e_ for empires. They appear in: command blocks (the immediate and option sections of events, or similar: effect, creation_effect, gain_effect, success,. This only works if Ironman mode is deactivated. Crusader Kings. This will not work, you need a Tag for the set_culture or change_culture console command. The ID of the struggle. Clears console history. Owner of the AARs-Denmark's Doom- Vicky II Apocalypse 1836 - Finished Let's Have an Election, or Two - President Forever 2016 AAR - Finished The History of the US Presidential Elections, 1788-1960, A President Infinity AAR - Election of 1800 Complete! - I'd like to get back to this. I've been trying to remove a dynasty legacy that my grandfather, who was dynasty head, bought with our renown. Click “Set Launch Options” under the General tab. Disables achievements. Theoretically, you could make an artifact and give it to someone before the game starts, or then spawn it in yourself at game start, but if you understandably don't want to get involved in scripting an artifact, you should probably be able to find something in that list. Add -debug_mode to the launch options, then launch the game. Tyranny is an opinion modifier. If you want to make a super mage, you could use commands like "add_trait education_magical_ability_4", "add_trait arcana_good_3", and then maybe add some mage lifestyle experience and you'll be good to go. This command removes 15 age from the character with ID 782. • Create a new file and paste: 'start shell:AppsFolderParadoxInteractive. Engage in courtly intrigue, dynastic struggles, and holy warfare in mediæval Europe, Africa, the Middle East, India, the steppes and Tibet. I couldn't get those to work. ProjectTitus_zfnrdv2de78ny!App -debug_mode' • Save the file in . Add Building Slots through the console. ALT + 2 + 1. In debug mode when you right-click someone it will appear on the debug options in pink "quick. The syntax for the set_sexuality command is as follows: set_sexuality [sexuality id] [character id] This command has the following arguments: Sexuality ID. It would look like "c_163109 = { #put your script/event here}". Using the console command RIP. 0. It's really annoying me that my main goal for this save is impossible, and I'd like to cheat to get the decision to pop if possible. Thank you :)No there isn't one I know of. It'll list all faiths. The trick is to first save the character you want to ally with as a saved scope variable. Run this in the console for all your direct feudal vassals: effect = { every_vassal = { vassal_contract_increase_obligation_level = feudal_government_levies } } This one also includes all feudal sub-vassals: effect = { every_vassal_or_below = { vassal_contract_increase_obligation_level = feudal_government_levies } } You can also use: feudal. If there was an easy way to switch capitals using console, that would work as well. txt files in the directory /Crusader Kings III/game/common/traits . Engage in courtly intrigue, dynastic struggles, and holy warfare in mediæval Europe, Africa, the Middle East, India, the steppes and Tibet. 0008 - fund expedition to valyria (might receive glass candle, dragon egg or valyrian weapon)since CK3 the only way to enable the console is to enable debug mode. Yes. And if there was a command to do it, it would mess up the game. firstly and most importantly; debug mode looks like trash because it clutters your screen up with debug stuff like number of errors and dev tool tips for the game. Both my mod and the debug console will throw the error, "No Console commands in ironman!" if you try to toggle debug mode on. You could try using both and see if that somehow fixes it, or maybe you've been forgetting to put the dash - , before the debug_mode, I'm not sure, I haven't had that issue. I am trying to add avid falconers to my culture by using "effect = {root. It can't be removed by console command. • Create a new file and paste: 'start shell:AppsFolder\ParadoxInteractive. Providing a list of the trait IDs in CK3 that can be used with these commands is. A struggle is a long-term conflict that that affects every character present in a region and has a very large number of effects. Traits are defined in . I’ve seen theres supposed to be a change_county_control command but all the variations I’ve tried have been fruitless. Report. So for example, using OP's example, if your current primary title is the Duke of Samos, you can always change your capital to Chios (per default) even if you've changed it elsewhere in. The mechanics make it seem like it is possible within one event. help: Prints the description of [command], if empty lists all console commands. 137 upvotes · 39. Click Properties. I had a realm priest who was one; I didn't find out her secret until significantly later. Crusader Kings is a historical grand strategy / RPG game series for PC, Mac, Linux, PlayStation 5 & Xbox Series X|S developed & published by Paradox Development Studio. They're all in the same section. I prefer totally remove or more restricted console, because when i start game after 10 min :cool: bad angels whisper to my left ear write ''cash'' write ''cash'' so please they remove console ck3 and future paradox games :)The Northern Lords DLC is coming to CK3 Console Edition. really old thread. . ComradeBalian • 6 mo. It removes pregnant trait while making no stress and no dead child. I'm trying to do a pagan dynasty. You need "add_doctrine tenet" and then tab. Console Command - How to Add Trait EXP for Leveled Traits such as Hastiluder or Blademaster Console. in CK3 its way worse because it displays absolute shitloads of data. and in the shortcut tab you should see a box named "target". You could also use: bypass_requirements. I don't see the code for it but you can just give yourself traits that increase or decrease your health. Input this command into the console window : event birth. Best. The specific decision I want to fire is a "victory" decision in the Way of Kings mod that grants you and your dynasty op bonuses once very difficult conditions like. I am really looking for a CK3 version of the old CK2 "succ" command that let you just change your succession law to whatever you want, but it's proving difficult. I will try and clarify my statement. Crusader Kings. Crusader Kings is a historical grand strategy / RPG game series for PC, Mac, Linux, PlayStation 5 & Xbox Series X|S developed & published by Paradox Development Studio. generate_cadet_coa: Generates a new coat of arms for the player character's house. Console command, mod or anything that would allow me to spawn exact number of event troops or some small group of them so I can make different army's for different rulers? I know there is cheat mod at steam work shop but that only allows to spawn 100k stack which is not separable and then there is mod which allows to spawn 666. The search key textbox can be used to further filter by name, id, etc. 144 upvotes · 72. FINALLY! Fourth attempt at the Rebellion, had to hold Robert's hand the entire time to keep him alive, and I finally got the Tower Of Joy! r/ImaginaryWesteros •. If anyone is still curious, they way to do it is: "add_doctrine tenet_XXXX" where XXXX stands for the actual in-game name of the tenet i. Top. Crusader Kings. • Open file to launch CK3 in debug mode. Console Commands to Force Primogeniture? CK3 I know it's not the intended way to play, but the current succession system is pretty indefensibly broken. Page 1 of 1. set_culture irish 8574. txt. If multiple commands could complete what is already typed, It lists the possible commands. I found a command a while ago but couldn't find it when I tried looking recently. CK3 Cheats. I gave one of character B’s counties that was the right culture to A, using: “give_title c_ [county] [character ID]”. Then you need to find your character either by name or ID. 2) remove_trait headache <your char ID>. In Crusader Kings III, Paradox Interactive lets you live out that fantasy — with a few complications. ago • Edited 10 mo. Using the "Tab" key will complete the command, so you don't have to type the whole thig. Cheers to Greysuki for providing a great alternative, that is compatible with almost any other mod. You don’t have to write the square brackets when entering the attributes. This command impregnates the female character with ID 8748 with a random unknown father. Any way to spawn special troops with console commands. Innovations represent technological, legal and ideological advances that a Culture can make. log: Debug: noai: Toggles AI: Debug: numcoas: Prints the number of used coat of arms: Debug: observe: Switches to observer mode, by playing no character at all, and no. Using console commands you could claim their title with it is either add_claim or claim, i forgot which command it is, if Germany is a kingdom k_germany (empire is e_germany I forget if it a kingdom or an empire) then declare war and use yesman to make him immediately surrender Or if you are a higher rank you can do yesman offer vassalization. Crusader Kings. Engage in courtly intrigue, dynastic struggles, and holy warfare in mediæval Europe, Africa, the Middle East, India, the steppes and Tibet. No filters Show filters. 3001 "character ID". So it ends up like this: create_alliance = scope:name_of_your_saved_scope. The wiki mentioned using the 2nd parameter for a character other than the player but I really have no idea what that would look like. r/ck3. In CK2 even though your stupid character believes the child is his, atleast you can still know its a bastard through console commands < > Showing 1-10 of 10 comments . So if I understand it correctly, that would make it: "add_relation spouse 1 2". . He means to spawn an army using console command just like in ck2 “event 62320” or smt like that. CTRL+F and search for “c_ [countyname]=“ For example c_essex=. Content is available under Attribution-ShareAlike 3. For QWERTY keyboards the key is `. They'll lose both titles and you can give the county back to them, they wont have a claim on the destroyed title. event birth. try "culture [character ID] egyptian" you can find the character id by typing "charinfo 1" in the console and hovering over your character. trigger = { root. Theoretically, you could make an artifact and give it to someone before the game starts, or then spawn it in yourself at game start, but if you understandably don't want to get involved in scripting an artifact, you should probably be able to find something in that list on the wiki. Now you can open the console by pressing the `/~ key (the tilde key next to the number 1). On macOS (US), ⌥Option + 6 enters. remember the "s" on "modifiers". 198. Nov 8, 2014. 1001 - look for dragon, must have Targaryen dynasty and fire_obsessed trait. The Highlander Immortals mod will simulate the 1986 Highlander movie, where you have to hunt down other immortals to become more powerful. It sounds more complicated than it is. Then to reference the culture, save it in a variable. Now that you’ve managed to enable debug mode, here is all you need to do to open the cheat console in CK3: While in-game, press the ` key (also known as tilde, situated to the left of the “1” key. Under Provider select Landed Titles and scroll or search for the county you wanna assimilate. ago. Add the command -debug_mode. 0 unless otherwise noted. It's incredible in every aspect that I've played as of now. ComradeBalian • 6 mo. Lets assume two things my character id is 8967 and 16803914. .